Web3 and Cryptocurrencies: This time, Africa no longer has the right to lag behind. The call for awakening and commitment is more resounding than ever
From the pre-colonial era to the
present day, Africa has unfortunately lagged significantly behind in several
major global revolutions, whether technological or economic. This mismatch is
often the result of a combination of historical, political and economic
factors.
Here are the main revolutions
where Africa has lagged behind:
- The Agricultural Revolution (c. 10,000 BC):
Although agriculture emerged independently in several parts of the world,
including Africa (with centers of domestication of plants and animals),
the development and adoption of intensive agricultural techniques and more
advanced tools was slower in some parts of the continent compared to
Eurasia. This had implications for population growth, sedentarization, and
the emergence of complex social structures, although powerful kingdoms and
civilizations flourished in Africa.
- The Urban Revolution and the Metal Age (c.
4000-1000 BC): The formation of
large cities and the widespread adoption of bronze and then iron marked
major turning points in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and later
China. Although Africa has experienced significant urban developments
(such as in ancient Egypt and in the Niger Basin with cities such as
Djenné-Djeno) and mastered iron metallurgy very early on (even before
Europe in some regions), the diffusion and large-scale integration of
these innovations into economic and political systems comparable to those
of other continents has been uneven.
- The Scientific Revolution and the Renaissance
(16th-18th centuries): While Europe was experiencing an intellectual
revival and major advances in science, philosophy and the arts, the
African continent was increasingly impacted by the transatlantic slave
trade and the beginnings of colonization. These dynamics have slowed down
internal developments and disconnected Africa from the major currents of
innovation and knowledge accumulation that characterized other parts of
the world.
- The Industrial Revolutions (eighteenth-twentieth
centuries): This is probably the most significant turning point where
Africa has been left behind, and even exploited:
- First Industrial Revolution (late eighteenth -
mid-nineteenth century): Characterized by steam power, coal,
textiles, and mechanization. Africa, then under the growing influence of
colonization, became a source of raw materials (ores, rubber, cotton,
etc.) and a market for European manufactured goods, but did not develop
its own industrial base. Rather, its economic structures were reshaped to
serve the needs of the colonial powers.
- Second Industrial Revolution (late nineteenth -
mid-twentieth century): Marked by electricity, oil, steel,
automobiles, chemicals and mass production. During this period, Africa
was largely colonized and its economies were designed for the extraction
and export of resources, with no real investment in diversified
industrialization or the transfer of advanced technologies.
Infrastructure (railways, ports) was built mainly to facilitate the
export of raw materials.
- The Green Revolution (mid-twentieth century):
This agricultural revolution transformed food production in many parts of
the world, including Asia and Latin America, through the introduction of
high-yielding crop varieties, fertilizers, and pesticides. Africa, on the
other hand, has not benefited from the Green Revolution in the same way,
due to factors such as lack of irrigation infrastructure, inadequate
agricultural policies, limited access to inputs, and challenges specific
to African soils and climates. This has contributed to persistent food insecurity
issues in some areas.
- The Digital and Information Revolution (late
twentieth - early twenty-first century): Although Africa is catching
up at an impressive speed, especially with the massive adoption of mobile
telephony and mobile payment (often by "skipping technological
steps"), it initially lagged significantly behind in internet access, computers and the necessary digital
infrastructure. The "digital divide" has long limited
opportunities for education, employment, and participation in the global
economy.
- The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) or
Industry 4.0 (current): This revolution encompasses artificial
intelligence, the Internet of Things, robotics, blockchain, 3D printing,
etc. Africa has the potential to leverage these technologies to
"leapfrog steps" in development. However, it faces major
challenges such as the lack of investment in education and training in
digital skills, the infrastructure deficit, and the need to develop
appropriate industrial policies to be not just a consumer of technologies
but a producer and innovator.
Africa's delay in these
revolutions is often attributed to a combination of factors:
- The impact of the slave trade and colonization:
These periods disrupted societies, plundered resources, and set up
dependent economic structures.
- Political instability and conflict: These
hinder long-term development and investment.
- Lack of infrastructure: Energy, transport,
and connectivity are often insufficient.
- Education and health challenges:
Underdeveloped human capital can hinder the adoption and creation of
innovations.
- Dependence on raw materials: Economies
remain vulnerable to fluctuations in global prices and have fewer
incentives to diversify and industrialize.
Despite these historic
challenges, many African countries are now experiencing rapid economic growth
and adopting innovative technologies, actively seeking to close the gap and
shape their own futures.
Web3 and
Cryptocurrencies: This time, Africa no longer has the right to lag behind. The
call for awakening and commitment is more resounding than ever
The Neophyte and Special OUDI
Merci beaucoup pour l'information
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